Adult neurogenesis in the murine dentate gyrus occurs in a specialized microenvironment that sustains the generation of neurons during life. To fully understand adult neurogenesis, it is essential to determine the neural stem cell (NSC) and progenitor developmental stages, their molecular determinants, and the niche cellular and molecular composition. We report on a single cell RNA sequencing study of the hippocampal niche, performed by isolating all the non-neuronal cell populations. Our analysis provides a comprehensive description of the dentate gyrus cells and allows the identification of exclusive cell type-specific markers. We define the developmental stages and transcriptional dynamics of NSCs and progenitors, and find that while NSCs represent a heterogeneous cellular continuum, progenitors can be grouped in distinct subtypes. We determine the oligodendrocyte lineage and transcriptional dynamics, and describe microglia transcriptional profile and activation state. The combined data constitutes a valuable resource to understand regulatory mechanisms of adult neurogenesis. Overall design: We generated transciptome data from cells unbiasely sorted from the hippocampal neurogenic niche after depleting the neuronal population
A Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Study Reveals Cellular and Molecular Dynamics of the Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesPurpose: Transcriptome profiling of Crytosporidium parvum infected lung and small intestinal organoids was performed to access the response of epithelial cells upon parasitic infection and to do a temporal analysis of the transcriptome of the parasite inside the organoid lumen. We isolated RNA from infected human lung and small intestinal organoids at 24 and 72 hour post infection. Methods: Organoids were grown in expansion or differentiation media and microinjected with equal amounts of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Media-injected organoids were used as a control .Expanding SI organoids were microinjected at 5-6 days after seeding, differentiated SI organoids were injected at 5 days after inducing differentiation. Lung organoids were incubated for 2 weeks after seeding for microinjection. RNA was extracted from 1-2 matrigel drops containing organoids. RNA was converted to cDNA and libraries were prepared using the CelSeq2 method and sequenced. Samples were sequenced on Illumina NextSeq500 by using 75-bp paired-end sequencing. Methods: Paired-end reads from Illumina sequencing were aligned to the human transcriptome genome and C. parvum transcriptome genome (Iowa strain) by BWA. DeSeq (v1.18.0) was used for read normalization and differential expression analysis (p-value adjustment 0.05 by method Benjamini-Hochberg). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using gene lists for type I interferon response and regulation against normalized RNA-seq reads of injected SI and lung organoids using GSEA software v3.0 beta2. Results: At 24 hr post-infection,GO (gene ontology)-term analysis revealed that a substantial number of genes related to 'cytoskeleton' and 'cell mobility' were up-regulated in lung organoids. This suggests that infection by the parasites and subsequent formation of the intracellular stages within 24 hrs might affects cytoskeleton structures of host cells. After 72 hrs, many genes associated with the type I interferon pathway increased dramatically in lung and intestinal organoids. Results: After 72 hrs, many genes associated with the type I interferon pathway increased dramatically in lung and intestinal organoids. Multiple C. parvum genes were differentially expressed with a large fold change between 24 and 72 hr post-injection.At 24 hr post-infection, most of the enriched genes represented ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA subunits in both intestinal organoids and lung organoids. By contrast, at 72 hr post-infection, multiple oocyst-wall protein genes were up-regulated, confirming that the parasites formed new oocysts within the organoids. Conclusions: RNA sequencing of injected organoids revealed host epithelial responses upon parasite infection in differentiated SI organoids as well as in lung organoids.Upregulation of genes associated with type I interferon immunity in both SI and lung organoids. Overall design: mRNA profiles of C. parvum infected human lung and intestinal organoids were generated by Deep Sequencing. Transcriptome profiles were generated from 2 human donors and samples were prepared in triplicates (Illumina NextSeq500 by using 75-bp paired-end sequencing).
Modelling Cryptosporidium infection in human small intestinal and lung organoids.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThe PR domain containing 1a, with ZNF domain factor, gene prdm1a plays an integral role in the development of a number of different cell types during vertebrate embryogenesis, including neural crest cells, Rohon-Beard (RB) sensory neurons and the cranial neural crest-derived craniofacial skeletal elements. To better understand how Prdm1a regulates the development of various cell types in zebrafish, we performed a microarray analysis comparing wild type and prdm1a mutant embryos and identified a number of genes with altered expression in the absence of prdm1a. Rescue analysis determined that two of these, sox10 and islet1, lie downstream of Prdm1a in the development of neural crest cells and Rohon-Beard neurons, respectively. In addition, we identified a number of other novel downstream targets of Prdm1a that may be important for the development of diverse tissues during zebrafish embryogenesis.
prdm1a Regulates sox10 and islet1 in the development of neural crest and Rohon-Beard sensory neurons.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with the development of Adult T-cell Leukemia, an aggressive CD4+ T-cells malignancy. Here, we have developed a new procedure to infect humanized mice with proviruses displaying specific mutations, such as one leading to the loss of the PDZ domain-binding motif (PBM) of Tax. In order to specifically analyze the in vivo role of the PBM of Tax, a comparative study of infected hu-mice was performed. We used next-generation sequencing to perform genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of T-cells infected with wild-type HTLV-1 virus or with virus bearing a mutated form of Tax lacking the PBM. Our results suggest that Tax PBM might be involved in the regulation of genes implicated in proliferation, apoptosis and cytoskeleton organization. Overall design: mRNA profiles of T-cells obtained from hu-Mice infected with wild-type or Tax-PBM HTLV-1 were generated by deep-sequencing in triplicates using Illumina's Hiseq3000 platform.
PDZ domain-binding motif of Tax sustains T-cell proliferation in HTLV-1-infected humanized mice.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesAdult Stem Cell (ASC )-derived organoids are 3D epithelial structures that recapitulate essential aspects of their organ of origin. We have developed conditions for the long-term growth of primary kidney tubular epithelial organoids ('tubuloids'). Cultures can be established from mouse and human kidney tissue, as well as from urine and can be expanded for at least 20 passages (> 6 months). The structures retain a normal number of chromosomes. Human tubuloids represent proximal as well as distal nephron segments, as evidenced by gene expression, immunofluorescence and tubular functional analyses. BK virus infection of tubuloids recapitulates in vivo phenomena. "Tumoroids" can be established from Wilms nephroblastoma. Kidney tubuloids from urine from a subject with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) allows ex vivo assessment of treatment efficacy. Finally, tubuloids cultured on microfluidic organ-on-a-chip plates adopt a tubular conformation and display active (trans-)epithelial transport function. Adult kidney-derived epithelial tubuloids allow studies of hereditary, infectious and malignant kidney disease in a personalized fashion. Overall design: We generated single cell transcriptome data of kidney tubuloids and the tissue that the tubuloids were derived from
Tubuloids derived from human adult kidney and urine for personalized disease modeling.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesAdult Stem Cell (ASC )-derived organoids are 3D epithelial structures that recapitulate essential aspects of their organ of origin. We have developed conditions for the long-term growth of primary kidney tubular epithelial organoids ('tubuloids'). Cultures can be established from mouse and human kidney tissue, as well as from urine and can be expanded for at least 20 passages (> 6 months). The structures retain a normal number of chromosomes. Human tubuloids represent proximal as well as distal nephron segments, as evidenced by gene expression, immunofluorescence and tubular functional analyses. BK virus infection of tubuloids recapitulates in vivo phenomena. "Tumoroids" can be established from Wilms nephroblastoma. Kidney tubuloids from urine from a subject with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) allows ex vivo assessment of treatment efficacy. Finally, tubuloids cultured on microfluidic organ-on-a-chip plates adopt a tubular conformation and display active (trans-)epithelial transport function. Adult kidney-derived epithelial tubuloids allow studies of hereditary, infectious and malignant kidney disease in a personalized fashion. Overall design: We generated transcriptome data of kidney tubuloids and the tissue that the tubuloids were derived from
Tubuloids derived from human adult kidney and urine for personalized disease modeling.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThe histone methyltransferase mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) is essential to maintain hematopoietic stem cells and is a leukemia protooncogene. Although Hox genes are well-characterized targets of MLL and MLL fusion oncoproteins, the range of Mll-regulated genes in normal hematopoietic cells remains unknown. Here we identify and characterize part of the Mll-transcriptional network in hematopoietic stem cells with an integrated approach by using conditional loss-of-function models, genomewide expression analyses, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and functional rescue assays. The Mll-dependent transcriptional network extends well beyond the previously appreciated Hox targets, is comprised of many characterized regulators of self-renewal, and contains target genes that are both dependent and independent of the MLL cofactor, Menin. Interestingly, Prdm16 emerged as a target gene that is uniquely effective at partially rescuing Mll-deficient hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This work highlights the tissue-specific nature of regulatory networks under the control of MLL/Trithorax family members and provides insight into the distinctions between the participation of MLL in normal hematopoiesis and in leukemia.
An MLL-dependent network sustains hematopoiesis.
Specimen part
View SamplesMDA231, BT549, and SUM159PT basal-like breast cancer cell lines were transfected with non-targeting siRNA (siCONTROL), siRNA targeting DUSP4 (siDUSP4), or siCONTROL + 4 or 24 hr of 1uM selumetinib. Cells were harvested at 96 hr post-siRNA transfection. Data were Log2 RMA normalized.
Activation of MAPK pathways due to DUSP4 loss promotes cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in basal-like breast cancer.
Cell line, Compound
View SamplesHyperactivation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) promotes escape from hormone dependence in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
Hyperactivation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase promotes escape from hormone dependence in estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer.
Specimen part, Cell line
View SamplesA431 wild-type (wt) cancer cell line is sensitive to treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). By culturing it chronically under gefitinib, it eventually becomes resistant (A431_GR cell). We know of a few proteins involved in this mechanism of drug resistance, but a cDNA exprssion array would add information to other genes that might be involved in this resistance mechanism.
Acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer cells is mediated by loss of IGF-binding proteins.
Specimen part
View Samples