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GSE47577
Homo sapiens
33 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Uterine NK cells (uNK) play a role in the regulation of placentation but their functions in non-pregnant endometrium are not understood. We have previously reported suppression of endometrial bleeding and alteration of spiral artery morphology in women exposed to asoprisnil, a progesterone receptor modulator (PRM). We now compare global endometrial gene expression in asoprisnil-treated versus control women and demonstrate a statistically significant reduction of genes in the IL-15 pathway, known to play a key role in uNK development and function. Suppression of IL-15 by asoprisnil was also observed at mRNA level (p<0.05), and immunostaining for NK cell marker CD56 revealed a striking reduction of uNK in asoprisnil-treated endometrium (p<0.001). IL-15 levels in normal endometrium are progesterone-responsive. Progesterone receptor (PR) positive stromal cells transcribe both IL-15 and IL-15RA. Thus, the response of stromal cells to progesterone will be to increase IL-15 trans-presentation to uNK, supporting their expansion and differentiation. In asoprisnil-treated endometrium, there is a marked down-regulation of stromal PR expression and virtual absence of uNK. These novel findings indicate that the IL-15 pathway provides a missing link in the complex interplay between endometrial stromal cells, uNK and spiral arteries affecting physiological and pathological endometrial bleeding.
Publication Title
Uterine NK cells regulate endometrial bleeding in women and are suppressed by the progesterone receptor modulator asoprisnil.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part
View Samples- Drosophila melanogaster
- 14 Downloadable Samples
NextSeq 500
Description
We characterized the Drosophila third instar eye disc using single cell RNA-seq and labelled the multiple cell populations. The results identified a novel transcriptional switch in photoreceptors relating to axonal projections. We then performed single cell RNA-seq on rbf (Rb) mutants and compared the results to the WT cell populations. This identified a specific cell population only in the Rb mutant tissue. This cell population has an upregulation of HIF1A and glycolitic genes such as Aldolase and Lactate dehydrogenase. As a result these cells produce lactate and undergo apoptosis. We also show this process to be directly regulated by E2F/Dp. The paper uncovers a novel metabolic aspect of Rb/E2F dependent apoptosis. Overall design: examining WT and Rb mutants third instar eye disc using single cell RNA-seq
Publication Title
Single cell RNA-sequencing identifies a metabolic aspect of apoptosis in Rbf mutant.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Many cancers rely on glycolytic metabolism to fuel rapid proliferation. This has spurred interest in designing drugs that target tumor glycolysis such as AZD3965, a small molecule inhibitor of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1) currently undergoing Phase I evaluation for cancer treatment. Since MCT1 mediates proton-linked transport of monocarboxylates such as lactate and pyruvate across the plasma membrane (Halestrap and Meredith, 2004), AZD3965 is thought to block tumor growth through disruption of lactate transport and glycolysis. Here we show that MCT1 inhibition impairs proliferation of glycolytic breast cancer cells that express MCT4 via disruption of pyruvate rather than lactate export. We found that MCT1 expression is elevated in glycolytic breast tumors and cell lines as well as in malignant breast and lung tissues. High MCT1 expression predicts poor prognosis in breast and lung cancer patients. Stable knockdown and AZD3965-mediated inhibition of MCT1 promote oxidative metabolism. Acute inhibition of MCT1 reduces pyruvate export rate but does not consistently alter lactate transport or glycolytic flux in breast cancer cells that also express MCT4. Despite the lack of glycolysis impairment, MCT1 loss-of-function decreases breast cancer cell proliferation and blocks growth of mammary fat pad xenograft tumors. Our data suggest that MCT1 expression is elevated in glycolytic cancers to promote pyruvate export, which when inhibited enhances oxidative metabolism and reduces proliferation. This study presents an alternative molecular consequence of MCT1 inhibitors that further supports their use as anti-cancer therapeutics.
Publication Title
MCT1 Modulates Cancer Cell Pyruvate Export and Growth of Tumors that Co-express MCT1 and MCT4.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 7 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Comparing the mRNA expression profiles of c-Myb deficient and c-Myb sufficient Tcra-/- DP thymocytes.
Publication Title
c-Myb promotes the survival of CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes through upregulation of Bcl-xL.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Tumors engender an environment dominated by M2 differentiated tumor macrophages that support tumor invasion, metastases and escape from immune control. In this study, we demonstrate that following radiation therapy of tumors in mice there is an influx of tumor macrophages that polarize towards wound repair and immune suppression.
Publication Title
Expression of NF-κB p50 in tumor stroma limits the control of tumors by radiation therapy.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment, Time
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 5 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HumanHT-12 V4.0 expression beadchip
Description
Here we show that platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells also show reduced cholesterol biosynthesis, and mostly rely on uptake of exogenous cholesterol for their needs. Expression of FDPS and OSC, enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis, are decreased both in drug-resistant cells and upon TRAP1 silencing, whereas the expression of LDL receptor, the main mediator of extracellular cholesterol uptake, is increased. Strikingly, treatment with different statins to inhibit cholesterol synthesis reduces cisplatin-induced apoptosis, whereas silencing of LIPG, an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, increases sensitivity to the drug.
Publication Title
Cholesterol Homeostasis Modulates Platinum Sensitivity in Human Ovarian Cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Array (mogene20st)
Description
Primary T cell activation involves the integration of three distinct signals delivered in sequence: 1) antigen recognition, 2) costimulation, and 3) cytokine-mediated differentiation and expansion. Strong immunostimulatory events such as immunotherapy or infection induce profound cytokine release causing bystander T cell activation, thereby increasing the potential for autoreactivity and need for control. We show that during strong stimulation, a profound suppression of primary CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses ensued and was observed across preclinical models and patients undergoing high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy. This suppression targeted nave CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells and was mediated through transient suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) inhibition of the STAT5b transcription factor signaling pathway. These events resulted in complete paralysis of primary CD4+ T cell activation affecting memory generation, induction of autoimmunity, as well as impaired viral clearance. These data highlight the critical regulation of nave CD4+ T cells during inflammatory conditions.
Publication Title
Out-of-Sequence Signal 3 Paralyzes Primary CD4(+) T-Cell-Dependent Immunity.
Sample Metadata Fields
Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 3 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
The origin and function of human double negative (DN) TCR-alpha/beta T cells is unknown. They are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus because they expand and accumulate in inflamed organs. Here we provide evidence that human TCR-alpha/beta CD4- CD8- DN T cells derive exclusively from activated CD8+ T cells. Freshly isolated TCR-alpha/beta DN T cells display a distinct gene expression and cytokine production profile. DN cells isolated from peripheral blood as well as DN cells derived in vitro from CD8+ T cells, produce a defined array of pro-inflammatory mediators that includes IL-1, IL-17, IFN-gama, CXCL3, and CXCL2. These results indicate that, upon activation, CD8+ T cells have the capacity to acquire a distinct phenotype that grants them inflammatory capacity.
Publication Title
Human TCR-alpha beta+ CD4- CD8- T cells can derive from CD8+ T cells and display an inflammatory effector phenotype.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 11 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
HIV1+ smokers develop emphysema at an earlier age and with a higher incidence than HIV1- smokers. Based on the knowledge that human alveolar macrophages (AM) are capable of producing proteases that degrade extracellular matrix components, we hypothesized that upregulation of AM matrix metalloproteinases may be associated with the emphysema of HIV1+ smokers. To test this hypothesis, microarray analysis was used to screen which MMP genes were expressed by AM isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of HIV1+ smokers with early emphysema. For each of the MMP genes observed to be expressed (MMP-1, -2, -7, -9, -10, -12 and -14), TaqMan PCR was used to quantify the relative expression in AM from 4 groups of individuals: HIV1 healthy nonsmokers, HIV1- healthy smokers, HIV1- smokers with early emphysema and HIV1+ smokers with early emphysema. Strikingly, while AM gene expression of MMPs was higher in HIV1- individuals with emphysema in comparison with HIV1- healthy smokers, for the majority of the MMPs (-1, -7, -9, -10, -12), AM expression from HIV1+ smokers with early emphysema was significantly higher than HIV1- smokers with early emphysema. Consistent with these observations, HIV1+ individuals with early emphysema had higher levels of epithelial lining fluid MMPs (-2, -7, -9,-12) than the 3 HIV1 groups. Interestingly, the active forms of MMP-2, -9 and -12 were detected in epithelial lining fluid from HIV1+ individuals with early emphysema, but not in any of the other groups. Considering that the substrate specificity of the upregulated AM MMPs includes collagenases, gelatinases, matrilysins and elastase, these data suggest that upregulated AM MMP genes and activation of MMP proteins may contribute to the emphysema of HIV1+ individuals who smoke.
Publication Title
Up-regulation of alveolar macrophage matrix metalloproteinases in HIV1(+) smokers with early emphysema.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 70 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2), Affymetrix Human Full Length HuGeneFL Array (hu6800)
Description
Lectins are proteins present on cell surfaces or as shed extracellular proteins that function in innate immune defense as phagocytic receptors to recognize specific bacterial cell wall components. Based on the knowledge that cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of bacterial infection, we hypothesized that cigarette smoking may modulate the expression of lectin genes in the airway epithelium. Affymetrix HG U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays were used to survey expression of lectin genes in large (3rd to 4th order bronchi) airway epithelium from 9 normal nonsmokers and 20 phenotypic normal smokers and small (10th to 12th order bronchi) airway epithelium from 13 normal nonsmokers and 20 phenotypic normal smokers. From the 72 lectin genes that were surveyed, there were no changes (>2-fold change, p<0.05) in gene expression in either large or small airway epithelium among normal smokers compared to nonsmokers except for a striking down regulation in both large and small airway epithelium of normal smokers of intelectin 1, a recently described lectin that participates in the innate immune response by recognizing and binding to galactofuranosyl residues in the cell walls of bacteria (large airway epithelium, p<0.003; small airway epithelium, p<0.002). TaqMan RT-PCR confirmed the observation that intelectin 1 was down-regulated in both large (p<0.05) and small airway epithelium (p<0.02) of normal smokers compared to normal nonsmokers. Immunohistochemistry assessment of biopsies of the large airway epithelium of normal nonsmokers demonstrated intelectin 1 was expressed in secretory cells, with qualitatively decreased expression in biopsies from normal smokers. Western analysis confirmed the decreased expression of intelectin 1 in airway epithelium of normal smokers compared to normal nonsmokers (p<0.02). Finally, compared to normal nonsmokers, intelectin 1 expression was decreased in small airway epithelium of smokers with early COPD (n= 13, p<0.001) and smokers with established COPD (n= 14, p<0.001), in a fashion similar to that of normal smokers. In the context that intelectin 1 is an epithelial molecule that likely plays a role in defense against bacteria, the down regulation of expression of intelectin 1 in response to cigarette smoking may contribute to the increase in susceptibility to infections observed in smokers, including those with COPD.
Publication Title
Decreased expression of intelectin 1 in the human airway epithelium of smokers compared to nonsmokers.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age
View Samples