The chromatin regulator Aiolos and the transcriptional coactivator OBF-1 have been implicated in regulating aspects of B cell maturation and activation. Mice lacking either of these factors have a largely normal early B cell development. However, when both factors are eliminated simultaneously a block is uncovered at the transition between pre-B and immature B cells, indicating that these proteins exert a critical function in developing B lymphocytes. In mice deficient for Aiolos and OBF-1, the numbers of immature B cells are reduced, small pre-BII cells are increased and a significant impairment in immunoglobulin light chain DNA rearrangement is observed. We identified genes whose expression is deregulated in the pre-B cell compartment of these mice. In particular, we found that components of the pre-BCR, such as the surrogate light chain genes l5l5 and VpreB, fail to be efficiently silenced in double-mutant mice. Strikingly, developmentally regulated nuclear repositioning of the l5l5 gene is impaired in pre-B cells lacking OBF-1 and Aiolos. These studies uncover a novel role for OBF-1 and Aiolos in controlling the transcription and nuclear organization of genes involved in pre-BCR function.
Silencing and nuclear repositioning of the lambda5 gene locus at the pre-B cell stage requires Aiolos and OBF-1.
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View SamplesWnt9b is expressed in the ureteric bud of the kidney at all stages of development. In Wnt9b mutants, the ureteric bud forms but the metanephric mesenchyme is never induced to undergo differentiation.
Myc cooperates with β-catenin to drive gene expression in nephron progenitor cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesParathyroid hormone (PTH) plays an essential role in regulating calcium and bone homeostasis in the adult, but whether PTH is required at all for regulating fetal-placental mineral homeostasis is uncertain. To address this we treated Pth-null mice in utero with 1 nmol PTH (1-84) or saline and examined placental calcium transfer 90 minutes later. It was found that placental calcium transfer increased in Pth-null fetuses treated with PTH as compared to Pth-null fetuses treated with saline. Subsequently, to determine the effect of PTH treatment on placental gene expression, in a separate experiment, 90 minutes after the fetal injections the placentas were removed for subsequent RNA extraction and microarray analysis.
Parathyroid hormone regulates fetal-placental mineral homeostasis.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesPurpose: To identify the impact of thermoneutral housing as opposed to standard housing on gene expression profiles in the mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), focusing on proinflammatory immune responses and high-fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Methods: Expression profiles from PBMCs collected from C57Bl6 mice fed chow or high-fat diet for 8 weeks, following 2 weeks at either standard or thermoneutral housing conditions. Sequencing was performed in duplicate, the Illumina HiSeq 2500. Transcripts that passed quality filters were analyzed at the gene level, using Strand NGS for accurate alignment and quantification. Results: We mapped approximately 20million reads per sample to the mm10 genome using annotations produced by Ensembl, which represented 36186 transcripts. Approximately 14000 genes exhibited reasonable expression in at least one experimental condition. The primary focus was the effect of housing temperature while holding diet consistent (i.e. thermoneutral vs standard, both on high-rat diet), where ~2700 genes exhibited differential regulation. Conclusions: We present the transcriptomic profile of PBMCs from mice fed chow of high-fat diets, following either standard or thermoneutral housing. We obseve an augmented proinflammatory immune response. Overall design: PBMC expression profiles were characterized following eight weeks of chow or high-fat diet, following two weeks of standard or thermoneutral housing.
Modulation of ambient temperature promotes inflammation and initiates atherosclerosis in wild type C57BL/6 mice.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesPurpose: To identify the impact of 2''-FL supplementation on adaptive response following extensive intestinal resection. Methods: Transcriptomic profiles were obtained from mice undergoing ileocecal recection (8-10 week old male mice) and again at 8 weeks post-surgery. At the time of resection and again at 8 weeks post-op, small bowel samples were obtained from treatment and control animals and submitted for mRNA profiling. During these 8 weeks treatment animals (n=3) received 2''-FL supplementationion while controls (n=3) received only standard diet. Results: We observe enrichment in genes and pathways related to anti-microbial peptides, metabolism, and energy processing. Supplementation of 2''-FL increases energy availability and enhances the adaptive response. Overall design: Male C57BL/6 mice at 8 to 10 weeks of age were submitted to ileocecal recection. Following resection, half were supplemented with 2''-FL for 8 weeks; small bowels were obtained and submitted for mRNA profiling,
The human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose augments the adaptive response to extensive intestinal.
Sex, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesIntroduction: HGFL-Ron signaling is augmented in human breast cancer and is associated with poor overall prognosis. Here, we investigate the role of HGFL-Ron signaling in murine breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) through characterization of BCSC transcriptomes through RNA-sequencing, focusing on the impact of Ron knockdown through a short hairpin construct. Methods:R7 breas cancer cell lines were drived from mammary tumors in transgenic MMTV_Ron mice. They were sorted based on expression of cell surface markers indicative of lineage negative, CD29hi and CD24+ cells. Bulk R7, sorted cells, and sorted cells treated with shRon were submitted for transcriptomic characterization on the Illumina HiSeq 2500. High quality reads were aligned to the mm9 genome and quantified to generate RPKM. Results: Approximately 30 million reads were aligned to the mouse genome in each sample which corresponded to over 36000 transcripts. Of these, ~16000 were included in analysis. Conclusions: Differential expression analysis indicated that depletion of Ron markely reduces mammosphere formation and self-renewal, and highlighted by the decrease in B-catenin and NFKB pathways. Overall design: Transcriptome profiles of bulk and sorted R7 BCSCs with Ron knockdown through RNA-sequencing.
HGFL-mediated RON signaling supports breast cancer stem cell phenotypes via activation of non-canonical β-catenin signaling.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesThe mechanisms underlying hepatoblastoma are not well defined. To address this, we generated transcriptomic profiles of normal, background, and hepatoblastoma liver samples from patients aged 0.01 months to 6 years, using RNA-sequencing. Hepatoblasoma was histologically confirmed. Here we focus on the elevation of stem cell markers and the loss of tumor suppressor proteins leading to the development of hepatoblastoma in very young children. Overall design: Hepatic mRNA profiles of normal (n=3), background (n=6), and hepatoblastoma (n=23) tissues were generated through RNAsequencing using the Illumina HiSeq2500.
PARP1 activation increases expression of modified tumor suppressors and pathways underlying development of aggressive hepatoblastoma.
Sex, Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesWe treated 6-8 week old mice that had floxed alleles of both Apc and Pten (for both alleles in each case) that also carry an Ovgp1-iCre-ERT2 transgene, with one of two treatments; a third group received neither treatment. The Ovgp1-iCre-ERT2 expresses Cre recombinase fused to a tamoxifen-inducible fragment of the estrogen receptor, in tissues where the Ovgp1 gene (oviductal glycoprotein 1) is expressed, which is almost exclusively in mouse oviductal epithelium (equivalent to human fallopian tube epithelium = FTE). Treating the mice with tamoxifen permits the Cre recombinase to enter the cell nucleus and inactivate the Apc and Pten genes. Six of the mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen (0.1g/kg of body weight) dissolved in corn oil on days 1 and 3 and developed oviductal tumors (OdT) yielding 6 of the samples. Four mice (yielding 5 samples) were instead injected with 50 million plaque-forming units of replication-incompetent AdCre into both ovarian bursal cavities on day 1, which inactivated Apc and Pten in the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), and lead to ovarian tumors (OT). Ovaries were also harvested from four untreated 6-8 week old mice with the same genotype, with two ovaries from each mouse comprising one control sample. RNA was purified from tumor or normal tissue, and targets for Affymetrix arrays synthesized from the mRNAs. We used Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.1 ST arrays, which hold 41345 probe-sets, but we largely analyzed just those 25216 probe-sets that were mapped to Entrez gene IDs. Raw data was processed with Robust Multi-array Average algorithm (RMA). Data is log2-transformed transcript abundance estimates. We fit a one-way ANOVA model to the three groups of samples. We supply a supplementary excel workbook that holds the same data as the data matrix file, but also holds the probe-set annotation at the time we analyzed the data, and some simple statistical calculations, which select subsets of the probe-sets as differentially expressed. Consumers should consider obtaining more up-to-date probe-set annotation for the array platform. We also provide supplementary excel files that show our simple analysis of GSE6008, which consists of 99 human ovarian tumor samples of 4 types, and 4 normal ovary samples, where we fit an ANOVA model to the 5 groups. In yet another supplementary file we show the correlation between each human tumor and mouse tumor, where we correlate the difference in log2-transformed values of each tumor from the average of the normals for the same species, for just those genes that were 1-to-1 best homologs according to build 68 of NCBI's Homologene, in order to see how much the human tumors resemble the mouse tumors.
Impact of oviductal versus ovarian epithelial cell of origin on ovarian endometrioid carcinoma phenotype in the mouse.
Sex
View SamplesMetastasis to lymph nodes is an early and prognostically important event in the progression of many human cancers, and is associated with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D). Changes to lymph node vasculature occur during metastasis, and may establish a metastatic niche capable of attracting and supporting tumor cells.
A role for bone morphogenetic protein-4 in lymph node vascular remodeling and primary tumor growth.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesThe gene expression of two different tumorigenic human breast epithelial cell types (HMLER and BPLER) is compared with their immortalized parental cell-of-origin (HME and BPE).
Transformation of different human breast epithelial cell types leads to distinct tumor phenotypes.
Sex, Specimen part, Disease
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