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SRP186407
Mus musculus
2 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 4000
Description
In many forms of retinal degenerative diseases in human, microglia relocate to and accumulate in the subretinal space. However, the roles of microglia in retinal degeneration are poorly understood. By leveraging single cell RNA-seq, we identified a distinct microglia subtype in the subretinal space. These microglia underwent transcriptional reprogramming characterized by reduced expression of homeostatic checkpoint genes and upregulation of injury-responsive genes. Importantly, this transition is associated with protection of the retinal pigment epithelium from damage caused by disease. Therefore, our data demonstrated microglial heterogeneity in retinal degeneration and may provide important implications for developing new strategies to prevent loss of vision. Overall design: Transcriptional profiling of Cx3cr1+ single cells from the mouse model of light-induced retinal degeneration with matched control, generated from single cell RNA-sequencing of over 10,000 cells.
Publication Title
Microglial Function Is Distinct in Different Anatomical Locations during Retinal Homeostasis and Degeneration.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Drosophila melanogaster
- 9 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Drosophila Genome 2.0 Array (drosophila2)
Description
Dominantly inherited expanded repeat neurodegenerative diseases are typically caused by the expansion of existing variable copy number tandem repeat sequences in otherwise unrelated genes. Repeats located in translated regions encode polyglutamine that is thought to be the toxic agent, however in several instances the expanded repeat is in an untranslated region, necessitating multiple pathogenic pathways or an alternative common toxic agent. As numerous clinical features are shared by several of these diseases, and expanded repeat RNA is a common intermediary, RNA has been proposed as a common pathogenic agent. Various forms of repeat RNA are toxic in animal models, by multiple distinct pathways. In Drosophila, repeat-containing double-stranded RNA (rCAG.rCUG~100) toxicity is dependent on Dicer processing evident with the presence of single-stranded rCAG7, which have been detected in affected HD brains. Microarray analysis of Drosophila rCAG.rCUG~100 repeat RNA toxicity revealed perturbation of several pathways including innate immunity. Recent reports of elevated circulating cytokines prior to clinical onset, and age-dependent increased inflammatory signaling and microglia activation in the brain, suggest that immune activation precedes neuronal toxicity. Since the Toll pathway is activated by certain forms of RNA, we assessed the role of this pathway in RNA toxicity. We find that rCAG.rCUG~100 activates Toll signaling and that RNA toxicity is dependent on this pathway. The sensitivity of RNA toxicity to autophagy further implicates innate immune activation. Expression of rCAG.rCUG~100 was therefore directed in glial cells and found to be sufficient to cause neuronal dysfunction. Non-autonomous toxicity due to expanded repeat-containing double-stranded RNA mediated activation of innate immunity is therefore proposed as a candidate pathway for this group of human genetic diseases.
Publication Title
Distinct roles for Toll and autophagy pathways in double-stranded RNA toxicity in a Drosophila model of expanded repeat neurodegenerative diseases.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part, Disease
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have a life expectancy of 6 months to 1 year. The deadly nature of RCC compared to other tumors that metastasize to bone, such as prostate cancer (PC), is associated with extensive arteriogenesis that requires recruitment of muscle progenitor cells to form the vascular smooth muscle around these large vessels. To identify potential genes that are involved in RCC recruitment of muscle progenitor cells we performed a microarray analysis to evaluate the global gene expression of human RCC (786-O) cells that form these large vessels in murine xenografts, versus human PC (PC3) that do not form these large vessels during osteolytic bone metastasis in mice (Xie C, et al. J Orthop Res. 2011;30(2):325-33). To assess changes in gene expression that occur when tumor cells interact with muscle progenitor cells, primary myoblast isolated from 5-day-old C57BL/6-Tg GFP neonatal mouse limbs were co-cultured with RCC or PC cells.
Publication Title
Increased Insulin mRNA Binding Protein-3 Expression Correlates with Vascular Enhancement of Renal Cell Carcinoma by Intravenous Contrast-CT and is Associated with Bone Metastasis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 16 Downloadable Samples
- NextSeq 500
Description
The project aims to identify differentially expressed genes in adipose progenitors that were freshly isolated from wild-type or Nr4a1-/- mice. The AP preparation involved adipose tissue digestion, and negative selection of the stromal vascular fraction (depletion of CD31+ endothelial cells and Lineage positive cells. Overall design: 16 samples were anlyzed. 4 groups of adipose progenitors were isolated from subcutaneou(SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue from Nr4a1 wildtype(Nr4a1+/+) and knockout(Nr4a1-/-) mice. Each group has 4 biological replicates.
Publication Title
Targeting nuclear receptor NR4A1-dependent adipocyte progenitor quiescence promotes metabolic adaptation to obesity.
Sample Metadata Fields
Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Array (mogene20st)
Description
To identify of candidate transcriptional regulators of AP function, microarray was utilized to analyze gene expression in freshly isolated AP from stromal-vascular fractions relative to whole adipose tissue (AT) from the same mouse.
Publication Title
Targeting nuclear receptor NR4A1-dependent adipocyte progenitor quiescence promotes metabolic adaptation to obesity.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 4 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
We profiled the gene expression/splicing program of normal and hnRNP U-deficient mouse hearts by RNA-seq. Overall design: RNA-seq profiles of control and Hnrnpu mutant hearts at postnatal day 14. Hnrnpu mutant hearts were generated by breeding the Hnrnpu conditional knockout mice with Ckmm-Cre transgenic mice.
Publication Title
hnRNP U protein is required for normal pre-mRNA splicing and postnatal heart development and function.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Drosophila melanogaster
- 20 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Drosophila Genome 2.0 Array (drosophila2)
Description
Recent evidence supports a role for RNA as a common pathogenic agent in both the polyglutamine and untranslated dominant expanded repeat disorders. One feature of all repeat sequences currently associated with disease is their predicted ability to form a hairpin secondary structure at the RNA level. In order to investigate mechanisms by which hairpin forming repeat RNAs could induce neurodegeneration, we have looked for alterations in gene transcripts as hallmarks of the cellular response to toxic hairpin repeat RNAs. Three disease associated repeat sequences - CAG, CUG and AUUCU - were specifically expressed in the neurons of Drosophila and resultant common, early, transcriptional changes assessed by microarray analyses. Transcripts that encode several components of the Akt/Gsk3- signalling pathway were altered as a consequence of expression of these repeat RNAs, indicating that this pathway is a component of the neuronal response to these pathogenic RNAs and may represent an important common therapeutic target in this class of diseases.
Publication Title
Perturbation of the Akt/Gsk3-β signalling pathway is common to Drosophila expressing expanded untranslated CAG, CUG and AUUCU repeat RNAs.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View Samples- Drosophila melanogaster
- 9 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Drosophila Genome 2.0 Array (drosophila2)
Description
The WWOX gene spans chromosomal fragile site FRA16D, a region of DNA instability in cancer. While WWOX has some tumor suppressor characteristics, its normal role and functional contribution to cancer are unclear. Drosophila homozygous Wwox mutants are viable with no discernable phenotype. Drosophila Wwox interactors, identified by proteomics and micro-array analyses, mainly have roles in aerobic metabolism. Functional relationships between Wwox and either isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) or superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) were confirmed by phenotype modification, including Sod1 crinkled-wing, indicative of oxidative stress response. Endogenous reactive oxygen species levels reflect Wwox levels in Drosophila. WWOX mRNA levels in Drosophila and human cells correlate with IDH and Sod1 levels. Wwox therefore contributes to pathways involving glucose metabolism and oxidative stress response.
Publication Title
Drosophila orthologue of WWOX, the chromosomal fragile site FRA16D tumour suppressor gene, functions in aerobic metabolism and regulates reactive oxygen species.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 4000
Description
We generated a human EFTUD2 knockdown cell line using a CRISPR cas9 nickase strategy to investigate the effects of decreased expression of core spliceosome components on cell characteristics and global transcriptome expression/splicing patterns Overall design: 6 biological replicates of WT or CRISPR knock-down cells were generated and analysed by RNA-Seq
Publication Title
Disease modeling of core pre-mRNA splicing factor haploinsufficiency.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 3 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Human pluripotent stem cells are a promising source of diverse cells for developmental studies, cell transplantation, disease modeling, and drug testing. However, their widespread use even for intensely studied cell types like spinal motor neurons, is hindered by the long duration and low yields of existing protocols for in vitro differentiation and by the molecular heterogeneity of the populations generated. We report a combination of small molecules that induce up to 50% motor neurons within 3 weeks from human pluripotent stem cells with defined subtype identities that are relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their accelerated differentiation, motor neurons expressed combinations of HB9, ISL1 and column-specific markers that mirror those observed in vivo in human fetal spinal cord. They also exhibited spontaneous and induced activity, and projected axons towards muscles when grafted into developing chick spinal cord. Strikingly, this novel protocol preferentially generates motor neurons expressing markers of limb-innervating lateral motor column motor neurons (FOXP1+/LHX3-). Access to high-yield cultures of human limb-innervating motor neuron subtypes will facilitate in-depth study of motor neuron subtype-specific properties, disease modeling, and development of large-scale cell-based screening assays. Overall design: We analyzed 3 samples including 2 positive samples and 1 negative sample. Descriptions are as follows: a) Positive Sample 1: SHH-derived, day 21 GFP-high FACS-purified motor neurons. b) Positive Sample 2: S+P-derived, day 21 GFP-high FACS-purified motor neurons. c) Negative: S+P condition, day 21 GFP-off FACS-purified non-motor neurons. Initial analysis of data was performed on ~40% of fastq reads (Amoroso et al., J Neurosci 2013 Jan 9;33(2):574-86. PMID: 23303937). Further processing of the full dataset has since been carried out and the updated rpkm file and expression analysis reflecting all aligned reads can be accessed at: http://scholar.harvard.edu/amorosornaseq/
Publication Title
Accelerated high-yield generation of limb-innervating motor neurons from human stem cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Subject
View Samples