Filters
Technology
Platform
GSE53723
Equus caballus
9 Downloadable Samples
Equus caballus Gene 1.0 ST Array (equgene10st)
Description
Electroacupuncture is the combination of traditional acupuncture and modern electrotherapy. Here we provide a mechanism for the beneficial effects of electroacupuncture and show that stimulation of the equine acupoints LI-4, LI-11 and GV-14 and Bai-hui results in mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the systemic circulation, which was accompanied by a time-dependent increase in plasma levels of norepinephrine (p=0.02). MSC differentiation was preferentially directed towards osteogenic rather than adipogenic lineages. Additionally, MSCs enhanced arterialization of blood vessels in vivo when implanted with human endothelial colony forming cells in oligomeric collagen matrices in NOD/SCID mice. When compared to equine bone marrow-derived MSCs or to equine adipose-tissue-derived MSCs, through the use of a microarray, these cells clustered separately. The electroacupuncture -mobilized cells showed increased expression of genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, compared to the bone marrow cells. These findings provide a new insight into the mechanism of the beneficial effects of acupuncture. Our findings suggest the involvement of neuronal regulation in the mobilization of reparative MSCs, and use of electroacupuncture at these designated points may be considered to treat acute and chronic inflammation following injury for which MSCs have been deemed beneficial.
Publication Title
Electroacupuncture Promotes Central Nervous System-Dependent Release of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
We report here that REV-ERBa influences nuclear localization of the glucocorticoid receptor and vice versa. As a consequence these two nuclear receptors influence each others transcriptome. REV-ERBa (Nr1d1) is a nuclear receptor that is part of the circadian clock mechanism and regulates metabolism and inflammatory processes. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR, Nr3c1) influences similar processes, but is not part of the circadian clock mechanism although glucocorticoid signaling affects resetting of the circadian clock in peripheral tissues. Because of their similar impact on physiological processes we studied the interplay between these two nuclear receptors. We found that REV-ERBa competes with GR for binding to HSP90, a chaperone responsible for the activation of substrate proteins to ensure survival of a cell. This competition affected stability and nuclear localization of GR, thereby affecting GR target gene expression such as I?B and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1). Our findings highlight an important interplay between two nuclear receptors that influence each others transcritpional potential indicating that the transcriptional landscape is strongly dependent on dynamic processes at the protein level. Overall design: In this dataset, we isolated livers at Zeitgebertime (ZT) 8 and ZT20 of wild type and Rev-erb alpha knock-out animals. Liver samples were immediately flash frozen in liquid N2 and stored at -80?°C. RNA was extracted using NucleoSpin RNA (Machery-Nagel, Düren, Germany) according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Quality of the RNA samples was analysed with a spectrophotometer, agarose gel electrophoresis and reverse transcription-PCR. Library construction starting from the poly(A)-tail and multiplexing was performed according to the instructions of the manufacturer (Illumina). The samples were organized as follows: Three replicas (1-WT, 2-WT, 3-WT) correspond to genotype WT at ZT8. Three replicas (4-Rev, 5-Rev, 6-Rev) correspond to genotype Rev-/- at ZT8. Three replicas (7-WT, 8-WT, 9-WT) correspond to genotype WT at ZT20. Three replicas (10-Rev, 11-Rev, 12-Rev) correspond to genotypeRev-/- at ZT20. For the experiment, complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries were barcoded using Illumina primers and loaded onto one lane of an IlluminaHS2000 machine. cDNA libraries were diluted and loaded onto each lane. The samples were sequenced for a maximum sequencing length of 75?bp. Sequences were aligned to the mouse genome (UCSC version mm10 database). Numbers of the sequences obtained for each library can be found in Supplementary Table 3. Sequences (fastq format) were mapped with Tophat (Trapnell, C. 2009), uniquely mapped sequences from the output files (bam format) were then used for further analysis, percentage of the mapping obtained for each sample can be found in Supplementary Table 3. For all files the reads were counted with HTSeq-count using the following criteria: samtools view sample.bam | htseq-count -m union -a 10 -s no -i gene_name Mus_Musculus.gtf > sample_counts.txt Tests for differential expression between the samples were performed in R software (R Core Team, 2014 http://www.R-project.org/) using the DESeq2 package (Version 1.6.3) (Love, M. 2014). A threshold on the corrected P value was used to call for differentially expressed genes (P.adjust<0.05).
Publication Title
REV-ERBα influences the stability and nuclear localization of the glucocorticoid receptor.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Specimen part, Subject, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 5 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
We determined genome-wide nucleosome occupancy in mouse embryonic stem cells and their neural progenitor and embryonic fibroblast counterparts to assess features associated with nucleosome positioning during lineage commitment. Cell type and protein specific binding preferences of transcription factors to sites with either low (e.g. Myc, Klf4, Zfx) or high (e.g. Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2) nucleosome occupancy as well as complex patterns for CTCF were identified. Nucleosome depleted regions around transcription start and termination sites were broad and more pronounced for active genes, with distinct patterns for promoters classified according to their CpG-content or histone methylation marks. Throughout the genome nucleosome occupancy was dependent on the presence of certain histone methylation or acetylation modifications. In addition, the average nucleosome-repeat length increased during differentiation by 5-7 base pairs, with local variations for specific genomic regions. Our results reveal regulatory mechanisms of cell differentiation acting through nucleosome repositioning. Overall design: The Total RNA from ESCs, NPCs and MEFs was extracted by guanidinisothiocyanat/phenol extraction with the Trifast kit (Peqlab). Total RNA preparations were treated with DNase I, phenol/chloroform extracted and precipitated before further processing. RNAs were depleted of 5S, 5.8S, 18S and 28S rRNAs using the Human/Mouse/Rat Ribo-Zero rRNA Removal Kit (Epicentre) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. After rRNA depletion, RNAs were fragmented with a kit from Ambion. Libraries for Solexa sequencing were generated according to the standard Illumina protocol that comprised first strand cDNA synthesis, second strand cDNA synthesis, end repair, addition of a single A base, and adapter ligation. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina GAIIx (replicate 1) and Illumina HiSeq 2000 (replicate 2) platforms at the sequencing core facilities of the BioQuant in Heidelberg, Germany. RNA reads were aligned with TopHat. Further expression analysis was with the Genomatix software suite (Genomatix, Munich, Germany) and the Eldorado gene annotation. For each transcript a normalized expression value was calculated from the read distribution that accounts for the length differences using the program DEseq for the analysis of differential expression.
Publication Title
Genome-wide nucleosome positioning during embryonic stem cell development.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 19 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
5 arrays from obese insulin-resistant and lean insulin-sensitive females adipose tissue at fasting and after 3h hyperinsulinemia
Publication Title
Adipose tissue gene expression analysis reveals changes in inflammatory, mitochondrial respiratory and lipid metabolic pathways in obese insulin-resistant subjects.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 15 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Array (mogene20st)
Description
Hypertension is a dominating risk factor for cardiovascular disease. To characterize the genomic response to hypertension, we administered vehicle or angiotensin II to mice and performed gene expression analyses. AngII treatment resulted in a robust increase in blood pressure and altered expression of 235 genes in the aorta, including Gucy1a3 and Gucy1b3 which encode subunits of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry confirmed repression of sGC associated with curtailed relaxation via sGC activation. Analysis of transcription factor binding motifs in promoters of differentially expressed genes identified enrichment of motifs for RBPJ, a component of the Notch signaling pathway, and the Notch coactivators FRYL and MAML2 were reduced. Gain and loss of function experiments demonstrated that JAG/NOTCH signaling controls sGC expression together with MAML2 and FRYL. Reduced expression of sGC, correlating with differential expression of MAML2 in stroke prone and spontaneously hypertensive rats was also seen and RNA-Seq data demonstrated correlations between JAG1, NOTCH3, MAML2 and FRYL and the sGC subunits GUCY1A3 and GUCY1B3 in human coronary artery. Notch signaling thus provides a constitutive drive on expression of the major nitric oxide receptor (GUCY1A3/GUCY1B3) in arteries from mice, rats, and humans, and this control mechanism is disturbed in hypertension.
Publication Title
Hypertension reduces soluble guanylyl cyclase expression in the mouse aorta via the Notch signaling pathway.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array (mogene10st)
Description
Epidermal stem cells ensure that skin homeostasis is maintained. In murine skin, epidermal stem cells cluster at specific niches where, under steady-state conditions, they undergo cycles of dormancy and activation1. When cellular replenishment is required, epidermal stem cells egress from the niche and proliferate for a limited number of times to subsequently feed into the differentiated compartment1-3. However, only a subset of stem cells becomes active during each round of morphogenesis, suggesting that stem cells coexist in heterogeneous responsive states within the same niche. Using a circadian clock fluorescent reporter mouse model, we show that the dormant epidermal stem cell niche contains two coexisting populations of stem cells at opposite phases of the clock, which are differentially predisposed to respond to homeostatic cues. In dormant niches, the core molecular clock protein Bmal1 transcriptionally modulates the expression of stem cell regulatory genes, including modulators of Wnt and TGFb, to create two coexisting stem cell populations, one predisposed, and the other less prone, to activation. Unbalancing this equilibrium of epidermal stem cells, through conditional epidermal deletion of Bmal1, resulted in a long-term progressive accumulation of non-responsive stem cells, premature impairment of tissue self-renewal, and a significant reduction in the development of squamous cell carcinomas. Our results indicate that the molecular clock machinery fine-tunes the spatiotemporal behavior of epidermal stem cells within their niche, and that perturbation of this mechanism affects tissue homeostasis and the predisposition to neoplastic transformation. The goals of this study was to compare the transcriptome of epidermal stem cells according to their circadian rhythm phase. We isolated epidermal stem cells (bulge cells; alpha6bright/CD34+ population) from 19 days old Per1-Venus mice and separated them according to Venusbright (clock positive) and Venus dim (clock negative). The goals of this study was to compare the transcriptome of epidermal stem cells in which their circadian rhythm machinery has been perturbed by deleting the gene that encodes for Bmal1. We compared the transcriptomes of basal interfollicular epidermis cells (alpha6 integrin bright/CD34- cells) from the dorsal skin of 1 year old BmalKO mice and their respective control littermates. Each array corresponds to purified cells from approximately 5 mice.
Publication Title
The circadian molecular clock creates epidermal stem cell heterogeneity.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
Intracranial B16 melanoma tumors isolated from C57Bl6 mice were analyzed by mRNAseq. Four experimental groups were analyzed: (1) Mice with intracranial tumors receiving IgG; (2) Mice with intracranial tumors receiving anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 therapy; (3) Mice with intracranial plus extracranial tumors receiving IgG; (4) Mice with intracranial plus extracranial tumors receiving anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Taggart et al., PNAS 2018; Overall design: mRNAseq profiles of intracranial B16 tumours at day 9 post-cancer cell implantation were generated for 4 different experimental groups (biological triplicates)
Publication Title
Anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 efficacy in melanoma brain metastases depends on extracranial disease and augmentation of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell trafficking.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 14 Downloadable Samples
Description
The global impact of DNA methylation on alternative splicing is largely unknown. Using a genome-wide approach in wild-type and methylation-deficient embryonic stem cells, we found that DNA methylation can act both as an enhancer and as a silencer of splicing, and affects the splicing of more than 20% of alternative exons. These exons are characterized by distinct genetic and epigenetic signatures. Alternative splicing regulation of a subset of these exons can be explained by Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), which silences or enhances exon recognition in a position-dependent manner. We constructed an experimental system using site-specific targeting of a methylated/unmethylated gene, and demonstrate a direct causal relationship between DNA methylation and alternative splicing. HP1 regulates this gene’s alternative splicing in a methylation-dependent manner by recruiting splicing factors to its methylated form. Our results demonstrate DNA methylation''s significant global influence on mRNA splicing, and identify a specific mechanism of splicing regulation mediated by HP1. Overall design: BS-seq on WT mouse ES cells (2 replicates), MNase-seq on WT and TKO cells (3 replicates), mRNA-seq on WT and TKO cells as well as HP1 knock-down cells (2 replicates for each sample)
Publication Title
HP1 is involved in regulating the global impact of DNA methylation on alternative splicing.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Arabidopsis thaliana
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
Plant meristems carry pools of continuously active stem cells, whose activity is controlled by developmental and environmental signals. After stem cell division, daughter cells that exit the stem cell domain acquire transit amplifying cell identity before they are incorporated into organs and differentiate. In this study, we used an integrated approach to elucidate the role of HECATE (HEC) genes in regulating developmental trajectories of shoot stem cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our work reveals that HEC function stabilizes cell fate in distinct zones of the shoot meristem thereby controlling the spatio-temporal dynamics of stem cell differentiation. Importantly, this activity is concomitant with the local modulation of cellular responses to cytokinin and auxin, two key phytohormones regulating cell behaviour. Mechanistically, we show that HEC factors directly modulate auxin signal transduction by physical interaction with MONOPTEROS (MP), a key regulator of auxin signalling, and thus interfere with the autocatalytic stabilization of auxin signalling. Overall design: p16:HEC1-linker-GR;inflorescence meristems; 14hours; mock1,mock2,mock3,dex1,dex2,dex3
Publication Title
Control of plant cell fate transitions by transcriptional and hormonal signals.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Purpose: Identifying target genes of the two human chromatin remodeling enzymes CHD3 and CHD4 Methods: see below in protocols Results: Libraries were sequenced on Illumina HiSeq2000 platform resulting in 37-71 Mio 50 bp paired-end reads per sample. We identified 16 (i) and 115 (ii) distinctly regulated genes when CHD3-GFP (i) or CHD4-GFP (ii) were overexpressed. Nine genes seem to be commonly regulated by CHD3 and CHD4. We successfully validated four genes from our RNA-seq via qPCR with two new (independent from those, used for RNA-seq) biological replicates. Conclusion: CHD3 and CHD4 regulate distinct genes. Overall design: Total RNA was prepared from 24 hours induced (1 ng/µl Dox) and non-induced Flp-In™ T-REx™ 293 cells, expressing GFP, hCHD3-GFP (UniProt: Q12873) or hCHD4-GFP(UniProt Q14839). Library preparation and Illumina Sequencing was perfprmed by EMBL GeneCore facility in Heidelberg (Germany: Dr. Vladimir Benes)
Publication Title
CHD3 and CHD4 form distinct NuRD complexes with different yet overlapping functionality.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Subject
View Samples