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GSE42845
Gallus gallus
8 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Chicken Genome Array (chicken)
Description
The inner ear develops from a patch of thickened cranial ectoderm adjacent to the hindbrain called the otic placode. Studies in a number of vertebrate species suggest that the initial steps in induction of the otic placode are regulated by members of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family, and that inhibition of FGF signaling can prevent otic placode formation. To better understand the genetic pathways activated by FGF signaling during otic placode induction, we performed microarray experiments to estimate the proportion of chicken otic placode genes that can be up-regulated by the FGF pathway in a simple culture model of otic placode induction. Surprisingly, we find that FGF is only sufficient to induce about 15% of chick otic placode-specific genes in our experimental system. However, pharmacological blockade of the FGF pathway in cultured chick embryos showed that although FGF signaling was not sufficient to induce the majority of otic placode-specific genes, it was still necessary for their expression in vivo. These inhibitor experiments further suggest that the early steps in otic placode induction regulated by FGF signaling occur through the MAP kinase pathway. Although our work suggests that FGF signaling is necessary for otic placode induction, it demonstrates that other unidentified signaling pathways are required to co-operate with FGF signaling to induce the full otic placode program.
Publication Title
Analysis of FGF-dependent and FGF-independent pathways in otic placode induction.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 60 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Xist is indispensable for X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female mammalian cells. However, how Xist RNA directs chromosome-wide transcriptional inactivation of the X chromosome is largely unknown. Here, to study chromosome inactivation by Xist, we generated a system where ectopic Xist expression can be induced from several genomic contexts in aneuploid mouse ES cells. We found that ectopic Xist expression from any location on the X chromosome faithfully recapitulated endogenous XCI, showing the potency of Xist to initiate XCI. Genes that escape XCI remain consistently transcriptionally active upon ectopic XCI, regardless of their position relative to Xist transgenes, and the enrichment of CTCF at their promoters is implicated in directing XCI escape. Xist expression from autosomes facilitates their transcriptional silencing to different degrees, and gene density in proximity of the Xist transcription locus plays a central role in determining the efficiency of gene inactivation. We also show that the enrichment of LINE elements together with a specific chromatin environment facilitates Xist-mediated silencing of both X-linked and autosomal genes. These findings provide new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms that mediate XCI and identify genomic features that promote Xist-mediated chromosome-wide gene inactivation Overall design: 60 RNA-seq from mouse embryonic stem cells and fully differentiated neurons in which ectopic Xist epression is either triggered (plus samples) or not (minus samples) upon doxycycline treatment.
Publication Title
Genetic and epigenetic features direct differential efficiency of Xist-mediated silencing at X-chromosomal and autosomal locations.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 75 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HumanHT-12 V4.0 expression beadchip
Description
This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Publication Title
Promiscuous targeting of bromodomains by bromosporine identifies BET proteins as master regulators of primary transcription response in leukemia.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 40 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HumanHT-12 V4.0 expression beadchip
Description
Bromodomains (BRDs) have emerged as compelling targets for cancer therapy. The development of selective and potent BET inhibitors and their significant activity in diverse tumor models has rapidly translated into clinical studies and has motivated drug development efforts targeting non-BET BRDs. However, the complex multidomain/subunit architecture of bromodomain protein complexes complicates predictions of consequences of their pharmacological targeting. To address this issue we developed a promiscuous bromodomain inhibitor (bromosporine, BSP) that broadly targets BRDs (including BETs) with nanomolar affinity, creating a tool for the identification of cellular processes and diseases where BRDs have a regulatory function. As a proof of principle we studied the effect of BSP in leukemic cell-lines known to be sensitive to BET inhibition and found as expected strong anti-proliferative activity. Comparison of the modulation of transcriptional profiles by BSP at short inhibitor exposure resulted in a BET inhibitor signature but no significant additional changes in transcription that could account for inhibition of other BRDs. Thus, non-selective targeting of BRDs identified BETs, but not other BRDs, as master regulators of a context dependent primary transcription response.
Publication Title
Promiscuous targeting of bromodomains by bromosporine identifies BET proteins as master regulators of primary transcription response in leukemia.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 35 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HumanHT-12 V4.0 expression beadchip
Description
Bromodomains (BRDs) have emerged as compelling targets for cancer therapy. The development of selective and potent BET inhibitors and their significant activity in diverse tumor models has rapidly translated into clinical studies and has motivated drug development efforts targeting non-BET BRDs. However, the complex multidomain/subunit architecture of bromodomain protein complexes complicates predictions of consequences of their pharmacological targeting. To address this issue we developed a promiscuous bromodomain inhibitor (bromosporine, BSP) that broadly targets BRDs (including BETs) with nanomolar affinity, creating a tool for the identification of cellular processes and diseases where BRDs have a regulatory function. As a proof of principle we studied the effect of BSP in leukemic cell-lines known to be sensitive to BET inhibition and found as expected strong anti-proliferative activity. Comparison of the modulation of transcriptional profiles by BSP at short inhibitor exposure resulted in a BET inhibitor signature but no significant additional changes in transcription that could account for inhibition of other BRDs. Thus, non-selective targeting of BRDs identified BETs, but not other BRDs, as master regulators of a context dependent primary transcription response.
Publication Title
Promiscuous targeting of bromodomains by bromosporine identifies BET proteins as master regulators of primary transcription response in leukemia.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Cancer metastasis is a fetal problem that claims life of over 90% of cancer patients. It is hypothesized that cancer stem cells (CSCs) mediate cancer metastasis and such cells are often resistant to chemotherapy. Studying BRCA1 associated cancers, we found that CSCs form fillopodia and protrusions enriching for active forms of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins and they have a much higher potential to metastasize than non-CSCs. Microarray analysis indicated that many pathways related to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton were differentially regulated in CSCs. Although inhibition of cytoskeleton remodeling by cisplatin treatment retarded CSC motility and cancer metastasis, drug resistant cancers eventually emerge containing markedly increased number of CSCs. This event is at least partially attributed to the activation of PI3K/mTOR signaling, and can be significantly inhibited by the treatment of rapamycin. These results provide strong evidence that cytoskeletal rearrangement and PI3K/mTOR signaling play a distinct role in mediating CSC mobility and viability, and blocking of both pathways in CSCs synergistically inhibits primary and metastatic cancer growth in BRCA1 associated tumors.
Publication Title
Synergistic therapeutic effect of cisplatin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors in cancer growth and metastasis of Brca1 mutant tumors.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 16 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
How the parental genomes of the very specialized sperm and oocyte cells are remodelled upon fertilization to confer totipotency has remained a tantalizing open questions. Indeed, in the case of mammals, the parental genomes undergo dramatic reprogramming upon fertilization, including differential dynamics of histone post-translational modifications. The roles of histone modifying enzymes in this process, which are maternally provided, are only just starting to emerge. Here, we explore the function of the oocyte inherited pool of Lsd1/Kdm1a, which encodes a histone H3K4 and K9 demethylase, during early mouse development. Maternal deficiency of Lsd1/Kdm1a results in developmental arrest by the two-cell stage, associated with dramatic and stepwise alterations in H3K9 and H3K4 methylation patterns depending on its demethylase activity. At the transcriptional level, two major changes occur. On one hand, switch from maternal-to-zygotic program fails to be induced. On the other hand, LINE-1 retrotransposons are not properly silenced, along with evidences for increased LINE-1 activity. We propose that Lsd1/Kdm1a is involved in the correct establishment of epigenetic information harboured by histones and is involved in the initiation of new pattern of genome expression driving early mouse development and preserving genome integrity Overall design: RNA-seq of invidual mouse two-cell stage embryos
Publication Title
Maternal LSD1/KDM1A is an essential regulator of chromatin and transcription landscapes during zygotic genome activation.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 14 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
How the parental genomes of the very specialized sperm and oocyte cells are remodelled upon fertilization to confer totipotency has remained a tantalizing open questions. Indeed, in the case of mammals, the parental genomes undergo dramatic reprogramming upon fertilization, including differential dynamics of histone post-translational modifications. The roles of histone modifying enzymes in this process, which are maternally provided, are only just starting to emerge. Here, we explore the function of the oocyte inherited pool of Lsd1/Kdm1a, which encodes a histone H3K4 and K9 demethylase, during early mouse development. Maternal deficiency of Lsd1/Kdm1a results in developmental arrest by the two-cell stage, associated with dramatic and stepwise alterations in H3K9 and H3K4 methylation patterns depending on its demethylase activity. At the transcriptional level, two major changes occur. On one hand, switch from maternal-to-zygotic program fails to be induced. On the other hand, LINE-1 retrotransposons are not properly silenced, along with evidences for increased LINE-1 activity. We propose that Lsd1/Kdm1a is involved in the correct establishment of epigenetic information harboured by histones and is involved in the initiation of new pattern of genome expression driving early mouse development and preserving genome integrity Overall design: RNA-seq of invidual mouse oocytes
Publication Title
Maternal LSD1/KDM1A is an essential regulator of chromatin and transcription landscapes during zygotic genome activation.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 3 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
We performed single-cell RNA-seq on CD4 T cells isolated from the tonsils of one healthy donor. We used the 10x chromium technology. Overall design: Tonsil CD4 T cells were enriched by negative selection using magnetic beads. Cell populations (CXCR5+PD-1low T cells, CXCR5+PD-1int T cells and CXCR5+PD-1high T cells ) were further isolated by cell sorting. Cellular suspensions (3500 cells) were loaded on a 10X Chromium instrument (10X Genomics) according to manufacturer's protocol.
Publication Title
Human lymphoid organ cDC2 and macrophages play complementary roles in T follicular helper responses.
Sample Metadata Fields
Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 1 Downloadable Sample
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
We performed single-cell RNA-seq on CD14+ cells isolated from the tonsils of one healthy donor. We used the 10x chromium technology. Overall design: Tonsil phagocytes were prepared by centrifugation on a Ficoll gradient. Dendritic cells and macrophages were enriched by negative selection using magnetic beads. Cell populations were further isolated by cell sorting. Cellular suspensions (3500 cells) were loaded on a 10X Chromium instrument (10X Genomics) according to manufacturer's protocol.
Publication Title
Human lymphoid organ cDC2 and macrophages play complementary roles in T follicular helper responses.
Sample Metadata Fields
Subject
View Samples