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GSE13205
Homo sapiens
20 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Septic patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) often develop multiple organ failure including persistent skeletal muscle dysfunction which results in the patients protracted recovery process. We have demonstrated that muscle mitochondrial enzyme activities are impaired in septic ICU patients resulting in decreased cellular energy which will interfere with muscle function and metabolism. Here we use detailed phenotyping and genomics to elucidate mechanisms leading to these impairments. Methodology/Principle Findings Utilising biopsy material from seventeen patients and ten age-matched controls we demonstrate that neither mitochondrial in vivo protein synthesis nor expression of mitochondrial genes are compromised. Indeed, there was partial activation of the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway involving NRF2?/GABP and its target genes TFAM, TFB1M and TFB2M yet clearly this failed to maintain mitochondrial function. We therefore utilised transcript profiling and pathway analysis of ICU patient skeletal muscle to generate insight into the molecular defects driving loss of muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Gene ontology analysis of Affymetrix analysis demonstrated substantial loss of muscle specific genes, a global oxidative stress response related to most probably cytokine signalling, altered insulin related signalling and a substantial overlap between patients and muscle wasting/inflammatory animal models. MicroRNA 21 processing appeared defective suggesting that post-transcriptional protein synthesis regulation is altered by disruption of tissue microRNA expression. Finally, we were able to demonstrate that the phenotype of skeletal muscle in ICU patients is not merely one of inactivity, it appears to be an actively remodelling tissue, influenced by several mediators, all of which may be open to manipulation with the aim to improve clinical outcome. Conclusions/Significance This first combined protein and transcriptome based analysis of human skeletal muscle obtained from septic patients demonstrated that losses of mitochondria and muscle mass are accompanied by sustained protein synthesis (anabolic process) while dysregulation of transcription programmes appears to fail to compensate for increased damage and proteolysis. Our analysis identified both validated and novel clinically tractable targets to manipulate these failing processes and pursuit of these could lead to new potential treatments.
Publication Title
Dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics and the muscle transcriptome in ICU patients suffering from sepsis induced multiple organ failure.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 10 Downloadable Samples
IlluminaHiSeq2000
Description
Biochemical fractionation of HEK293 nuclei and RNA-seq of chromatin-associated and soluble-nuclear RNA. Overall design: Nuclei from three biological replicates were isolated by detergent lysis, fractionated, then three chromatin and three soluble RNA samples were converted to cDNA using Illumina TruSeq stranded protocol, and sequenced on Illumina HiSeq2000
Publication Title
Nuclear Fractionation Reveals Thousands of Chromatin-Tethered Noncoding RNAs Adjacent to Active Genes.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Drosophila melanogaster
- 16 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Drosophila Genome 2.0 Array (drosophila2)
Description
The rapid evolution of toxin resistance in animals has important consequences for the ecology of species and our economy. Pesticide resistance in insects has been a subject of intensive study, however, very little is known about how Drosophila species became resistant to natural toxins with ecological relevance, such as -amanitin that is produced in deadly poisonous mushrooms. Here we performed a microarray study to elucidate the genes, chromosomal loci, molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components that contribute to the -amanitin resistance phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster. We suggest that toxin entry blockage through the cuticle, phase I and II detoxification, sequestration in lipid particles, and proteolytic cleavage of -amanitin contribute in concert to this quantitative trait. We speculate that the resistance to mushroom toxins in Drosophila melanogaster and perhaps in mycophagous Drosophila species has evolved as a cross-resistance to pesticides or other xenobiotic substances.
Publication Title
The mechanisms underlying α-amanitin resistance in Drosophila melanogaster: a microarray analysis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 7 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Murine Genome U74A Array (mgu74a)
Description
Comparison of sense (forward probes) and antisense (reverse probes on U74 v1 gene arrays) transcripts in mouse kidney and brain.
Publication Title
Expression profiling of antisense transcripts on DNA arrays.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 5 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
Commonalities and dissimilarities between the IGF1R and INSR pathways
Publication Title
Systems Analysis of Insulin and IGF1 Receptors Networks in Breast Cancer Cells Identifies Commonalities and Divergences in Expression Patterns.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 20 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 2.1 ST Array (hugene21st)
Description
Identification of filamin-A as a target for insulin and IGF1 action.
Publication Title
Genome-Wide Analyses Identify Filamin-A As a Novel Downstream Target for Insulin and IGF1 Action.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 3 Downloadable Samples
- IlluminaHiSeq2000
Description
Background: Eukaryotic cells express a complex layer of noncoding RNAs. An intriguing family of regulatory RNAs includes transcripts from the opposite strand of protein coding genes, so called natural antisense transcripts (NATs). Here, we test the hypothesis that antisense transcription triggers RNA interference and gives rise to endogenous short RNAs (endo-siRNAs). Methods/Results: We used cloned human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) followed by short RNAseq to investigate the small genic RNA transcriptome. 378 genes gave rise to short RNA reads that mapped to exons of RefSeq genes. The length profile of short RNAs showed a broad peak of 20-24 nucleotides, indicative of endo-siRNAs. Collapsed reads mapped predominantly to the first and the last exon of genes (74%). RNAs reads were intersected with sequences occupied by RNAPolII or bound to Argonaute (AGO1 by crosslinking, ligation, and sequencing of hybrids, CLASH). In the first exon, 94% of the reads correlated with PolII occupancy with an average density of 130 (relative units); this decreased to 65%/20 in middle exons and 54%/12 in the last exon. CLASH reads mapping to multi-exon genes showed little distribution bias with an average of about 5 CLASH reads overlapping with 60% of the endo-siRNA reads. However, endo-siRNAs (21-25 nt) intersecting with CLASH reads were enriched at the 5''end and decreased towards the 3''end. We then investigated the 378 genes with particular focus on features indicative for short RNA production; however, found that endo-siRNA numbers did not correlate with gene structures that favor convergent transcription. In contrast, our gene set was found notably over-represented in the NATsDB sense/antisense group as compared to non-overlapping and non-bidirectional groups. Moreover, read counts showed no correlation with the steady-state levels of the related mRNAs and the pattern of endo-siRNAs proved reproducible after an induced mutagenic insult. Conclusions: Our results suggest that antisense transcripts contribute to low levels of endo-siRNAs in fully differentiated human cells. A characteristic endo-siRNA footprint is being produced at sites of RNAPolII transcription which is also related to AGO1. This endo-siRNA signature represents an intriguing finding and its reproducibility suggests that the production of endo-siRNAs is a regulated process with potential homoeostatic impact. Overall design: Size selected RNASeq of 3 human embryonic kidney cell (HEK293) samples. 1 control and 2 samples exposed to 100 µg/ml ethyl methanesulfonate for 24 hrs.
Publication Title
Contribution of natural antisense transcription to an endogenous siRNA signature in human cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 4 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Murine Genome U74A Version 2 Array (mgu74av2)
Description
The loss of loricrin, a major component of the cornified envelope, results in a delay of epidermal barrier formation. Therefore, the living layers of the epidermis are aberrantly exposed to late-stage amniotic fluid, which may serve as the signal to upregulate genes that functionally compensate for the loss of loricrin. Consistent with this hypothesis, metabolomic studies revealed marked changes in amniotic fluid between E14.5 and E16.5 dpc. In addition, we discovered that the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway detects these compositional changes and directly upregulates the expression of genes involved in the compensatory response, thus ensuring postnatal survival. In support of this finding, we demonstrate that genetically blocking the Nrf2 pathway abolishes the compensatory response, and preemptively activating Nrf2 pharmacologically rescues the delay in barrier formation in utero. Our findings reveal that the functions of Nrf2 and the composition of amniotic fluid have co-evolved to ensure the formation of a functional barrier.
Publication Title
Amniotic fluid activates the nrf2/keap1 pathway to repair an epidermal barrier defect in utero.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 18 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
Metazoan development depends on accurate execution of differentiation programs that allow pluripotent stem cells to adopt specific fates. Differentiation is brought about by global changes to chromatin architecture and transcriptional networks, yet whether other regulatory events support cell fate determination is less well understood. Using a human embryonic stem cell model, we identified the vertebrate-specific ubiquitin ligase Cul3KBTBD8 as an essential regulator of neural crest cell formation. Cul3KBTBD8 monoubiquitylates NOLC1 and its paralog TCOF1, whose mutation underlies the developmental disease Treacher Collins Syndrome that is characterized by a loss of cranial neural crest cells. Ubiquitylation of NOLC1 and TCOF1 drives formation of a platform that connects RNA polymerase I with ribosome modification enzymes, thereby altering the translational program of differentiating cells to support the generation of neural crest cells. We conclude that the dynamic regulation of ribosome function is an important feature of cell fate determination.
Publication Title
Cell-fate determination by ubiquitin-dependent regulation of translation.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-IR) and androgen (AR) receptors are important players in prostate cancer biology. Functional interactions between the IGF-I and androgen signaling pathways seem to have crucial roles in the progression of prostate cancer from early (benign) to advanced (metastatic) stages. DNA methylation is a major epigenetic alteration affecting gene expression. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor promoters is a frequent event in human cancer, leading to inactivation and repression of specific genes. The aim of the present study was to identify the entire set of methylated genes (methylome) in a cellular model that replicates prostate cancer progression.
Publication Title
Global methylation analysis identifies PITX2 as an upstream regulator of the androgen receptor and IGF-I receptor genes in prostate cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Treatment, Time
View Samples